Name: Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH)
Chemical formula: NaOH
Appearance:
– White flakes, granules, or scales
– Odorless
– Easily soluble in water, and the process is exothermic (heat is released)
Main properties:
- Highly corrosive substance – causes burns upon contact with skin and eyes
- Strong alkaline reaction (pH ~14)
- Hygroscopic – absorbs moisture and CO₂ from the air
Applications:
- In the chemical industry – for the production of soaps, detergents, paints, synthetic fibers, cellulose, and paper
- In the food industry – in the processing of oils, olives, cocoa, etc. (under strictly controlled conditions)
- In household and industrial products – for unclogging and cleaning drains and pipes
- In the textile industry – for processing cotton and wool
- In metallurgy – for cleaning and processing metals
Packaging and storage:
- Store in tightly closed, dry, and corrosion-resistant containers
- Keep away from moisture and acids
- Store in a well-ventilated place
Safety:
- Work with safety glasses, gloves, and protective clothing
- In case of contact with skin or eyes – immediately rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention
- Dangerous if swallowed – causes severe burns to the esophagus and stomach
